Scorpionfishes
by Hafid, AMD-B’s 2025 Divemaster Intern
Scorpionfish are a fascinating group of venomous reef fish known for their incredible camouflage and potent defensive spines. Belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, they are ambush predators that rely on stealth, lying motionless on the seafloor until prey comes close. With textured bodies and mottled colours, they blend effortlessly into coral, rocks, or sand.
Papuan Scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis papuensis)
This species is well-camouflaged with skin flaps and blotchy patterns, making it almost invisible on coral rubble. Found in shallow waters, it has a distinct large head and often displays reddish or brown tones. It’s common in Indonesian waters, including Bali.
Papuan Scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis papuensis)
Paddle Flap Scorpionfish (Rhinopias eschmeyeri)
Rare and highly sought after by underwater photographers, this species has broad, paddle-shaped fins and soft, flowing skin appendages. Its bright red or pink colouration contrasts its reef habitat, yet its motionless behaviour helps it stay undetected.
Paddle Flap Scorpionfish (Rhinopias eschmeyeri)
Devil Scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis diabolus)
Named for its fearsome appearance, this scorpionfish has venomous spines and a stocky body. When threatened, it can expand its pectoral fins, revealing bold warning colors. Despite the name, it is non-aggressive unless provoked.
Denise’s Pygmy Seahorse (Hippocampus denise)
Flasher Scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis macrochir)
This lesser-known species has extended pectoral fins used to startle predators. It is usually well-camouflaged, hiding among rocks and debris in sandy reef zones.
Flasher Scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis macrochir)
Leaf Scorpionfish (Taenianotus triacanthus)
Unlike others, this species is flat and leaf-like, often swaying with water currents to mimic debris. It comes in various colours and is commonly seen in Bali’s coral reefs.
Leaf Scorpionfish (Taenianotus triacanthus)
