Indonesia is a Global Hotspot for Marine Biodiversity
by Fahmi, AMD-B’s 2024 Divemaster Intern
Indonesia is a global marine biodiversity hotspot, hosting about 76% of the world’s coral species and approximately 37% of reef fish species, with over 2,200 reef-associated fish and 590 coral species thriving in its waters. So it’s safe to say that Indonesia is indeed a global hotspot for marine biodiversity, but the question now is why:
Strategic Location in the Coral Triangle
Indonesia is located in the Coral Triangle, a region known as the epicentre of marine biodiversity. The diverse coral species found in Indonesia are closely linked to the abundance of fish in the area. Corals are a key species in shallow water ecosystems, much like trees in a forest, supporting a wide range of marine life and making the region a hotspot for marine biodiversity.

Warm Tropical Waters
Indonesia’s climate is characterized by two seasons: wet and dry. While the wet season brings higher chances of rain at certain times of the year, the temperature remains relatively stable, creating an ideal environment for coral reefs to thrive. This consistency in water temperature, combined with strong sunlight exposure, supports coral health. Corals rely on sunlight for photosynthesis through their symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, the algae within their tissues.
Ocean Currents as Nutrient Highways
Strong ocean currents, such as those from the Indonesian Through-flow, funnel nutrient-rich water through the region. These nutrients support plankton growth, which forms the foundation of the marine food web. This abundance of food attracts fish, sharks, and larger marine animals, creating thriving ecosystems.
