Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impact on Coral Reefs
by Fahmi, AMD-B’s 2024 Divemaster Intern
Volcanic eruptions can have significant effects on coral reefs, both negative and positive. When a volcano erupts, ash and lava can cover coral reefs, killing the corals and the marine life they support. But volcanic activity also creates new surfaces for baby corals to settle on and grow, leading to the formation of new reefs. The nutrients from volcanic ash can sometimes boost the growth of corals and other marine life.
Temperature changes from volcanic eruptions can also impact coral reefs. The heat from lava can raise water temperatures, causing stress and bleaching in corals. On the other hand, ash clouds can sometimes cool the ocean surface for a short time, which might help reduce bleaching. The overall impact on coral health depends on the duration and magnitude of the temperature changes.
Volcanic Eruptions in Bali
A good example is the USAT Liberty shipwreck in Tulamben, Bali. The ship was torpedoed then beached during World War II and later moved to its current spot by the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963. Over time, the wreck has become covered with colourful corals and is now home to many marine creatures, creating a unique underwater habitat. This shows how volcanic events, despite their initial damage, can eventually help create new and thriving coral ecosystems. Today, the USAT Liberty shipwreck is a popular dive site, attracting divers from all over the world.
USAT Liberty Shipwreck Diving Trip
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